![]() Nicholas Culpeper (1616–54) mentioned the herb in ‘The English Physitian’. The treatment of rheumatism and gout were added to the indications for comfrey in the Middle Ages. They act as cataplasm in the case of inflammation, especially in the anal area.” The Middle Ages and early modern times They have a joining together effect when cooked with pieces of flesh. Used as a compress they also seal fresh wounds. …Finely ground and then drunk they are beneficial for those spitting blood and those suffering from internal abscesses. Created at the same time as, but independent from, the ‘Naturalis historia’, it has been shaping European and Arabic phytotherapy for nearly 2,000 years.ĭioscorides also mentions comfrey: “The roots below are black on the outside and white and slimy on the inside. In book 26, chapter 137, comfrey is mentioned for the first time for the treatment of bruises and sprains, and a syrup of the herb or a decoction of its root are used.Ĭhapter 148 claims that comfrey ensures rapid healing of wounds and, in chapter 161, comfrey is mentioned as an emmenagogue when ground into dark wine.ĭioscorides’s ‘Materia medica’ is the oldest materia medica in Europe. The ‘Naturalis historia’ of the Pliny the Elder (23?–79 AD) is one of the most important testimonies of ancient phytomedicine. Comfrey has also been known as boneset, knitbone, black wort, wall wort, and slippery root. Bein originally meant bone, thus comfrey is an agent that makes bones grow together. The German names, Beinwell and Wallwurz, are based on the verb wallen, which means “growing together”. ![]() The evolution of the word “comfrey” comprises the middle English comferi, from the old French cumfirie, from vulgar Latin confervia, from confervere(“to boil together”). ![]() The Latin consolida, frequently found in historical papers, means “the one who makes firm”. Solidago, derived from solido (“I make firm”), was also a synonym. For example, the Greek term symphyton, ( symphytum in Latin), is derived from symphyo “I grow together”. All the different names focus on uniting and firming. In all western European languages, the name for comfrey is derived from its application. Wild comfrey was taken to the US by English emigrants. It is native to Britain and extends throughout most of Europe into Central Asia and Western Siberia. ![]() Journal of Pharmaceutical Health Services Research.International Journal of Pharmacy Practice.Antimicrobial resistance and stewardship. ![]()
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